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  Instruction > Instructional Design  > Nine Events of Instruction

Instructional Design

"The biggest enemy to learning is the talking teacher."
  John Holt

Nine Events of Instruction — Robert Gagné

Dr. Robert Gagné's famous Nine Events of Instruction, first presented in The Conditions of Learning (1985), are derived from a cognitive information processing model of learning. These components describe the "tactics of instruction" that can be applied to most instructional methods or learning activities.

Gagné's Nine Events of Instruction
Events of Cognitive/
Learning Process
1. Gaining attention Reception / Motivation
2. Informing learners of objective Establishment of expectancies
3. Stimulating recall of prior learning Retrieval (from long-term memory)
4. Presenting stimulus material Selective perception
5. Providing learning guidance Semantic encoding
6. Eliciting performance (practice) Response generation
7. Providing feedback Reinforcement
8. Assessing performance Metacognition
9. Enhancing retention and transfer Generalization
Gagné, R., Briggs, L. & Wager, W. Principles of Instructional Design (4th Ed., 1992)

This table illustrates the power of the Cognitive Information Processing model to provide a coherent description of what the instructor and learner are each doing – external behavior, internal information processing, and the interaction between teacher and student. It therefore becomes a powerful problem-solving tool for discovering and correcting gaps in the instructional process — providing a deeper understanding the art as well as the science of teaching.
 

 

Events
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Instruction

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